一、電熱水袋里面的液(ye)體是什(shen)么?

其實細心的人都會發現電熱水袋里的“水”并不是普通的水，它之所以能夠被加熱而且可以較長時間的保持熱度都是有它的奧妙的。那么到底電熱水袋里面是什么呢？很多手腳易發涼的人幾乎是整個冬天電熱水袋不離身的，電熱水袋很神奇，一插電就熱了，有很多人覺得其實電熱水袋就是燒開水，那么就錯了。

電熱水袋里面是(shi)(shi)什么呢？其實是(shi)(shi)鐵(tie)粉或鐵(tie)氧體，電熱(re)(re)(re)水袋是(shi)(shi)靠電磁產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)能的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)生(sheng)電磁的(de)(de)(de)東(dong)西是(shi)(shi)封閉起來的(de)(de)(de)，是(shi)(shi)為(wei)了防止漏電，如果通了電以后(hou)就(jiu)產(chan)生(sheng)磁場，鐵(tie)和磁是(shi)(shi)相互反應的(de)(de)(de)，使所謂的(de)(de)(de)水里面產(chan)生(sheng)渦流和磁滯然后(hou)就(jiu)產(chan)生(sheng)了熱(re)(re)(re)能，和變(bian)(bian)壓器(qi)為(wei)什么會發熱(re)(re)(re)是(shi)(shi)相關的(de)(de)(de)都是(shi)(shi)因為(wei)磁滯和渦流而熱(re)(re)(re)的(de)(de)(de)，人們把變(bian)(bian)壓器(qi)做成一(yi)片一(yi)片的(de)(de)(de)硅剛(gang)片就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)為(wei)了減小磁滯和渦流的(de)(de)(de)，從而提高(gao)效率的(de)(de)(de)，而熱(re)(re)(re)水袋則是(shi)(shi)相反的(de)(de)(de)。

該圖片由注冊用戶"溫溫潤澤"提供，版權聲明反饋

二、電熱水袋的工作原理

電(dian)熱水(shui)袋里(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過飽(bao)和(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)。在(zai)某種溫(wen)度下，溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質(zhi)在(zai)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)劑(ji)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)可溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性(xing)是(shi)不變的(de)(de)(de)(de)，例如食(shi)鹽在(zai)水(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)可溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性(xing)在(zai)室溫(wen)時是(shi)36g/100mL水(shui)。當(dang)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)濃度與其(qi)可溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性(xing)相等(deng)時，這(zhe)種溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)便稱為飽(bao)和(he)液(ye)；而當(dang)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)度比其(qi)可溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性(xing)還要(yao)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)時候，這(zhe)種溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)便稱為過飽(bao)和(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)。暖手袋里(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)液(ye)體就(jiu)是(shi)過飽(bao)和(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)醋酸鈉。由(you)于過飽(bao)和(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)濃度太高，當(dang)扭曲金屬的(de)(de)(de)(de)時候,所產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)輕微震動便足以(yi)使(shi)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質(zhi)結晶，變成(cheng)較穩定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)固(gu)體。然而，這(zhe)個(ge)過程(cheng)是(shi)放(fang)(fang)熱的(de)(de)(de)(de)，所以(yi)暖手袋告(gao)開始暖起來。只要(yao)把充(chong)電(dian)熱水(shui)袋放(fang)(fang)入沸水(shui)中(zhong)加(jia)熱約10分鐘(zhong)，凝結了的(de)(de)(de)(de)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質(zhi)便會再次溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)解；這(zhe)是(shi)由(you)于在(zai)高溫(wen)下，溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)可溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性(xing)增加(jia)。在(zai)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)解的(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)中(zhong)，溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質(zhi)進行吸(xi)熱反應，再次成(cheng)為過飽(bao)和(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)。

三、電熱水袋分類

按產品結構分類

電暖(nuan)寶產品(pin)按有(you)電熱餅、電熱水袋和電暖(nuan)式暖(nuan)手寶。

固體電熱餅

其填充是保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)棉(如：陶瓷(ci)棉等其他的(de)(de)(de))，使用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)絲加熱(re)(re)(re)，將(jiang)熱(re)(re)(re)量(liang)傳遞給(gei)石棉或(huo)玻璃纖維(wei)保(bao)熱(re)(re)(re)。工作原理是：用(yong)(yong)雙控溫(wen)(wen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)儲能式結構,逐漸釋放熱(re)(re)(re)能。內(nei)設(she)自動過(guo)熱(re)(re)(re)保(bao)護裝置及自動保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)指示裝置，一(yi)個由PTC熱(re)(re)(re)敏(min)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)開(kai)關控制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)小電(dian)(dian)(dian)爐(lu)，PTC是正溫(wen)(wen)度系數的(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)敏(min)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)流通(tong)過(guo)時(shi)自身會(hui)發熱(re)(re)(re)(電(dian)(dian)(dian)爐(lu)的(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)量(liang)也會(hui)傳導給(gei)它(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de))，當溫(wen)(wen)度到達一(yi)定值時(shi)，它(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)會(hui)急劇(ju)增大，可以視為(wei)斷開(kai)，此(ci)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)暖(nuan)寶減少消(xiao)耗的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能，之后(hou)靠保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)棉對電(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)來緩慢放熱(re)(re)(re)。這(zhe)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)暖(nuan)寶保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)時(shi)間長，缺點是它(ta)(ta)無法徹(che)底切斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)路，為(wei)了預防萬一(yi)，加熱(re)(re)(re)時(shi)不可離人，且加熱(re)(re)(re)完成后(hou)溫(wen)(wen)度較高，在使用(yong)(yong)時(shi)必須套上布袋，以免燙傷。目前，市面上的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)暖(nuan)寶很少使用(yong)(yong)這(zhe)種控制(zhi)方式。

電熱水袋

軟(ruan)質(zhi)液體(ti)電(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)寶(bao)(bao)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)新(xin)技術儲(chu)能(neng)發熱(re)(re)劑，加熱(re)(re)升溫迅速(su)。一次性(xing)注水(shui)，永久(jiu)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)，獨特防爆免(mian)燙和(he)溫控保護裝置；使(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命長(chang)：保溫持久(jiu)等優勢。由于用(yong)(yong)戶無需(xu)注水(shui)即可直接使(shi)用(yong)(yong)，免(mian)去了傳統熱(re)(re)水(shui)袋頻(pin)繁(fan)換(huan)水(shui)帶來(lai)的(de)(de)麻煩和(he)不(bu)安全。從電(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)水(shui)袋的(de)(de)發熱(re)(re)原理看，這種電(dian)(dian)暖(nuan)(nuan)寶(bao)(bao)有電(dian)(dian)極式和(he)電(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)元(yuan)件式兩大(da)類。其中，電(dian)(dian)極式電(dian)(dian)暖(nuan)(nuan)寶(bao)(bao)由于兩個(ge)電(dian)(dian)極(或螺絲)直接裸露在(zai)水(shui)中，造(zao)成的(de)(de)漏電(dian)(dian)風險也很大(da)。

電池式暖手寶

這種(zhong)產品(pin)(pin)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)內置鋰電(dian)池(chi)亦(yi)或是使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)5號電(dian)池(chi)進行供電(dian)驅動，利用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)阻產生熱(re)(re)量(liang)的原理進行暖(nuan)(nuan)手。目前該款產品(pin)(pin)在(zai)(zai)2010年由(you)日本三(san)洋公司在(zai)(zai)世界率先(xian)推出(chu)，之后尤其(qi)是2011年冬開(kai)始被眾多廠家模(mo)仿(fang)，但(dan)產品(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)一直(zhi)未被超越。這種(zhong)產品(pin)(pin)對比前兩種(zhong)類型(xing)，加熱(re)(re)不(bu)受市電(dian)供電(dian)加熱(re)(re)的約束，可(ke)將溫度(du)迅速(su)提升至40℃以(yi)內，對于(yu)內置鋰電(dian)池(chi)型(xing)可(ke)以(yi)充滿(man)電(dian)以(yi)備需(xu)要時開(kai)啟使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，而采用(yong)(yong)(yong)5號電(dian)池(chi)型(xing)則更(geng)方(fang)便隨(sui)時隨(sui)地(di)更(geng)換，尤其(qi)適(shi)合外出(chu)。產品(pin)(pin)優點：隨(sui)時隨(sui)地(di)取(qu)暖(nuan)(nuan)，不(bu)受市電(dian)影響，體積(ji)輕巧(qiao)，恒溫加熱(re)(re)在(zai)(zai)40℃人體正(zheng)常(chang)取(qu)暖(nuan)(nuan)所需(xu)的安(an)全溫度(du)以(yi)內，十分安(an)全;缺(que)點：由(you)于(yu)產品(pin)(pin)體積(ji)小巧(qiao)，直(zhi)接導致電(dian)池(chi)容量(liang)不(bu)理想，導熱(re)(re)時間不(bu)夠長(chang)，通常(chang)最長(chang)為(wei)1小時(高于(yu)此值，均為(wei)虛假宣傳)，由(you)于(yu)體積(ji)小，無法大面積(ji)取(qu)暖(nuan)(nuan)。

按發熱原理分類

電(dian)暖(nuan)(nuan)寶分為電(dian)極(ji)式(shi)和電(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)絲式(shi)兩種。其中，電(dian)極(ji)式(shi)電(dian)暖(nuan)(nuan)寶中有正(zheng)負(fu)兩個(ge)電(dian)極(ji)，直接和袋(dai)中的液體(ti)(電(dian)解質(zhi)溶(rong)液)接觸，電(dian)極(ji)通(tong)電(dian)后，溶(rong)液就帶電(dian)加熱(re)(re)(re)，加熱(re)(re)(re)時間較(jiao)短(duan)(約(yue)2～8分鐘)，但液體(ti)膨脹較(jiao)快(kuai)，容(rong)易爆(bao)炸。電(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)絲式(shi)電(dian)暖(nuan)(nuan)寶中有一個(ge)絕緣體(ti)線圈，摸上去體(ti)積(ji)比(bi)電(dian)極(ji)式(shi)發熱(re)(re)(re)體(ti)明顯(xian)要大。